Showing posts with label Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Show all posts

Saturday, August 16, 2014

Sunday Roundup - August 17, 2014

This is the weekly selection of news and opinion from sources outside the US corporate mainstream media.  Today we look at Republican economic myths, Ukraine, Gaza, South Sudan, and Robin Williams.

US Economy
298,000 jobs were added in June and another 209,000 in July as the US economy continues its long, slow recovery from the Great Recession.  A few months after Obama's election, I was in an auto collision repair shop and spied a cartoon with Obama dressed like Steve Urkel complete with the goofy eyeglass frames. Obama/Urkel was looking at a downward sloping line and quipping "Did I do that?"  Conservatives and the more ill-informed loved to blame the recession on Obama, regardless of the facts.  Combined with similar misinformation on the Affordable Care Act,  it was enough to give them the House in the 2010 midterms.  Dave Johnson, blogging at Daily Kos has updated "Three Charts to Email to Your Right-Wing Brother-in-Law" based on the latest government data on the economy.  The facts and conclusions easily drawn from the three charts:

  • Government spending increased dramatically under President Bush (88%).  It has not increased much under President Obama (3.78%).
  • People who claim that Obama "tripled the deficit" or increased it or anything of the sort are either misled or are trying to mislead. President Obama inherited a budget deficit of $1.4 trillion from President Bush's last budget year and annual budget deficits have gone down dramatically since
  • The stimulus reversed what was going on before the stimulus. We have gone from losing around 850,000 jobs a month to gaining over 200,000 jobs a month.  Conclusion: THE STIMULUS WORKED BUT WAS NOT ENOUGH
There is plenty more good information in the article that puts the lie to other Republican myths about the economy and Obama's handling of it.  Johnson concludes: These things really matter.  We all want to fix the terrible problems the country has.  But it is so important to know just what the problems are before you decide how to fix them.  Otherwise the things you do to try to solve those problems might just make them worse – just as laying off government workers in a recession makes unemployment worse.

Ukraine
The death toll from conflict in eastern Ukraine has doubled in the past fortnight, the UN's human rights office said on Wednesday, as international wrangling continued over a controversial Russian aid convoy to the region.The UN office said its "very conservative estimates" suggested the death toll has risen to 2,086 by the beginning of this week, up from 1129 on 26 July. ...The huge convoy set off from the Moscow region on Tuesday. The Kremlin says its 260 military trucks – hastily repainted white by Russian soldiers – contain humanitarian supplies for residents in the east trapped by fighting. [The Guardian, August 13]

Gaza
Negotiations
A temporary cease-fire has been extended until Monday August 18.  Negotiators are struggling to come up with a more permanent solution before the new five-day ceasefire expires.  Khalil al-Haya, the Palestinian group’s negotiator at the talks in Egypt seeking to stop fighting in Gaza, said on Thursday they were negotiating with a difficult side "versed in procrastination".  "We are keen on having an agreement concluded. It must satisfy the demands of our people," said al-Haya during public address in which he briefed the people of Gaza on the progress of the talks.  Haya said Hamas would continue to demand the end of what he called "unjust incursions" and a permanent lifting of the siege imposed by Israel on Gaza in 2006. [Al Jazeera, Aug 14]

Humanitarian Crisis
According to a UN report of August 8:
- Rescue teams have retrieved additional bodies, bringing the cumulative death toll of Palestinians to 1,922, of whom 1,407 are believed to be civilians, including 448 children; the status of 297 fatalities remains to be determined.  The Israeli death toll remained at 67, including 3 civilians.
- UNRWA was sheltering 166,527 people in 90 schools
- An estimated 10,800 homes have been destroyed or damaged beyond repair over the course of hostilities, leaving some 65,000 people homeless, in addition to 33,100 others whose homes will require major repairs, and another 185,700 individuals whose homes sustained minor damage. 

The UN report also notes the devastating impact of the strike on the Gaza Power Plant on water and sanitation facilities throughout Gaza, the existence of thousands of explosive remnants of war in civilian areas, and the critical state of reproductive and maternal health in Occupied Gaza (10,000 of 46,000 pregnant women have been displaced).

War Crimes Inquiry
Photo appeared in Al Jazeera
The United Nations has named experts to an international commission of inquiry into possible human rights violations and war crimes committed by both sides during Israel's military offensive in the Gaza Strip...The UN statement said the independent team will investigate "all violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law ... in the context of the military operations conducted since 13 June 2014...Navi Pillay, the top UN human rights official, said on July 31 she believed Israel was deliberately defying international law in its military offensive in Gaza and that world powers should hold it accountable for possible war crimes. Israel has attacked homes, schools, hospitals, Gaza's only power plant and UN premises in apparent violation of the Geneva Conventions, said Pillay, a former UN war crimes judge. Hamas fighters in Gaza have violated international humanitarian law by firing rockets indiscriminately into Israel, Pillay said.  [Al Jazeera, Aug 14]  Reaction to the announcement was as expected.  Hamas welcomed the decision. Israel dismissed the inquiry as a "kangaroo court."  This independent investigation must take place and those responsible for war crimes must be held accountable.  Otherwise, there will be no escape from the "cycle of impunity" and the continuing oppression of the people of Gaza.

Related
"Need for Tough Love: Defending the Gaza Assault Hurts Israeli, American Interests" (Gregory Harms, Informed Comment, August 13) - how a knowledge deficit and ideology lead to the media's and people's misperceptions on the conflict

"The Only Explanation for America's Morally Bankrupt Israel Policy" (Stephen M. Walt, The World Post /Huffington Post, July 22) - the role of money and lobbies in influencing political leaders


South Sudan
As many as four million South Sudanese are facing starvation following the civil war that broke out there last year.   America is sending $180m (£107m) in aid to help people in South Sudan, where four million people are at risk of starvation.  More than a third of South Sudan's population has been hit, says the United Nations, calling it "the worst food crisis in the world"...Violence erupted last December when the president accused his deputy leader of trying to take power. [BBC News, Aug 14] The UN Security Council is threatening sanctions.  UN Security Council envoys have warned South Sudan's warring leaders they would face sanctions if a civil war that has pushed the young nation to the brink of famine does not stop."The council has made it very clear: that it is prepared to impose consequences if there continue to be spoilers, if there continue to be people carrying out gross violations of human rights," US ambassador to the UN Samantha Power said after meeting with President Salva Kiir.  EU Special Representative to the Horn of Africa, Alex Rondos, also expressed concern "that both sides in South Sudan continue spending their money on arms and fighting for power while South Sudanese citizens are beginning to starve to death". [Al Jazeera, August 14]

Robin Williams
I found a moving news item on Robin Williams after publishing the August 12 post, which mentioned his passing at its conclusion.  It's just one more reminder of what we lost with his untimely death: "Robin Williams Once Secretly Fulfilled A Dying Girl's Wish"  (Eleanor Goldberg, Huffington Post, August 13)



Saturday, July 12, 2014

Sunday Roundup - July 13, 2014

This is the fourth of four special editions of The Sunday Roundup.  Today we continue to look at the historical roots of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, covering the period from 2000 to 2012.

Seven years of the Oslo Process failed to achieve the creation of a Palestinian state. Israel still occupied the West Bank and Gaza.  Israeli settlements were being built in the Occupied Territories. Following a visit to the Temple Mount by right-wing opposition leader Ariel Sharon in September 2000, fighting erupted between Muslims and Israeli police.

2000-2005: The Second Intifada

September 2000 - Beginning of the Second Intifada - a period of intensified Palestinian-Israeli violence.

January 21-27, 2001 - The Taba Summit negotiations between Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Yasser Arafat comes close to achieving a solution. The talks were halted by the politics of the Israeli elections and the changeover in leadership in the US.

February 2001 - Likud candidate Ariel Sharon is elected Prime Minister of Israel. Sharon refuses to negotiate with the Palestinians on the principles of either the Taba Summit or the Oslo Accords.

March 2002 - Arab League Summit in Beirut. Arab Peace Initiative calls for Israel to withdraw its forces from all the Occupied Territories, including the Golan Heights, to recognize "an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital" in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, as well as a "just solution" for the Palestinian refugees. In exchange the Arab states affirmed that they would recognize the state of Israel, consider the Arab-Israeli conflict over and establish "normal relations" with Israel.

March 2002 - 15 suicide attacks against Israeli targets; overall during March 2002, 138 Israelis and 238 Palestinians were killed.

March 27, 2002 - Suicide attack on Park Hotel in Netanya kills 30.

March 29, 2002 to May 10, 2002- Sparked by the suicide attack in Netanya, Israelis launch "Operation Defensive Shield", an offensive into Palestinian territory on March 29.
  • The operation resulted in the deaths of 30 Israeli soldiers and 497 Palestinians.
  • Over $361 million worth of damage was done to Palestinian infrastructure and institutions, $158 million of which came from the aerial bombardment and destruction of houses in Nablus and Jenin.

June 2002 - Israelis begin construction of the West Bank Wall. Upon completion, the barrier's total length will be approximately 700 kilometres. A 2004 advisory opinion by the International Court of Justice called "the construction of the wall, and its associated régime...contrary to international law".

2003 - Truce between Palestinians and Israelis leads to the Aqaba summit of May 2003 in which Israel endorsed the "Roadmap for Peace" put forth by the United States, European Union, and Russia.

March 19, 2003 - Arafat appoints Mahmoud Abbas as Prime Minister

June 6, 2004 - Gaza disengagement originally proposed by Ariel Sharon at the end of 2003 is adopted by the Israeli government.

November 2004 - Yasser Araft dies.

January 2005 - Mahmoud Abbas is elected President of the Palestinian National Authority.

August 2005 - Israeli diesngagement from Gaza is effected, including the relocation of all Jewish settlements in the Gaza Strip.

2006 - 2012: The Israel-Gaza Conflict

January 25, 2006 - Hamas wins a majority on the Palestinian Legislative Council.
  • The United States and some European countries cut off funds to the Hamas and the Palestinian Authority insisting that the Hamas must recognize Israel, renounce violence and accept previous peace pacts.
  • Israel refused to negotiate with Hamas, since Hamas did not renounce its beliefs that Israel has no right to exist and that the entire State of Israel is an illegal occupation
Summer 2006 - Israel-Gaza conflict begins.

March 2007- Hamas and Fatah formed a Palestinian authority national unity government headed by Ismail Haniya.

June, 2007 - Hamas took control of the Gaza Strip in the course of the Battle of Gaza; Fatah maintains control of the West Bank. Israel and Egypt begin the air, land, and sea blockade of Gaza.

June 2008 - Israel-Hamas agree to a six-month truce

December 19, 2008 - Israel-Hamas Truce expires.

The Gaza War: December 27, 2008 - January 18, 2009

December 27, 2008 - Gaza War begins. Israel attacks Gaza with an intense bombardment of police, military and civilian structures in Gaza. Hamas intensifies its rocket attacks.

January 3, 2009 - Israeli ground offensive into Gaza begins.

January 18, 2009 - Israel and Hamas declare cease fires. Israeli troops withdraw on January 21.

Impact of the Gaza War
  • The conflict resulted in 1,417 Palestinian (65% civilian) and 13 Israeli deaths (4 from friendly fire).
  • Early estimates by independent contractors in Gaza say that Gaza lost nearly $2 billion in assets. The Israeli Defense Forces destroyed or severely damaged as many as 4000 homes, 600–700 factories, small industries, workshops and business enterprises, 24 mosques, 31 security compounds, and 10 water or sewage lines.
  • The World Health Organization said that 34 health facilities (8 hospitals and 26 primary health care clinics) were damaged
  • The UN reported that over 50 United Nations facilities sustained damage.
  • A satellite-based damage assessment of the Gaza Strip by the United Nations revealed 2,692 destroyed and severely damaged buildings, 220 impact craters on roads and bridges, 714 impact craters on open ground or cultivated land, 187 greenhouses completely destroyed or severely damaged and 2,232 hectares (22.32 km²) of demolished zones targeted by IDF bulldozers, tanks and phosphorus shelling.
  • In September 2009, a UN special mission, headed by the South African Justice Richard Goldstone, produced a report accusing both Palestinian militants and the IDF of war crimes and possible crimes against humanity, and recommended bringing those responsible to justice.
  • The United Nations Human Rights Council ordered Israel to conduct various repairs of the damages. On September 21, 2012, the United Nations Human Rights Council concluded that 75% of civilian homes destroyed in the attack were not rebuilt.

November 25, 2009 - Israel imposed a 10-month construction freeze on all of its settlements in the West Bank. Israeli settlements in the Occupied Territories are almost universally considered illegitimate and in violation of international law.

September 2, 2010 - United States launched direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority in Washington. When the Israeli partial moratorium on settlement construction in the West Bank expired and was not renewed, the Palestinians left the negotiations.

September 2011 the Palestinian Authority led a diplomatic campaign aimed at getting recognition of the State of Palestine within the 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital. On September 23 President Mahmoud Abbas submitted a request to recognize the State of Palestine as the 194th UN member to the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. The Security Council has yet to vote on it.

October 2011 - Israel and Hamas prisoner exchange. The captured Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit would be released in exchange for 1,027 Palestinian and Arab-Israeli prisoners.

Gaza Incursion of 2012

Nov 14, 2012 - Preceded by a period of mutual Israeli–Palestinian responsive attacks, an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) operation was officially launched against the Hamas-governed Gaza Strip with the assassination of Ahmed Jabari, chief of the Gaza military wing of Hamas.

Nov 21, 2012 - A ceasefire mediated by Egypt was announced.

Impact of the Gaza Incursion of 2012
  • 4 Israeli civilians and 2 soldiers were killed by Palestinian rockets.
  • 174 Palestinians in total died, 107 of them civilians (6 civilians may have been killed by Palestinian armed groups firing rockets from Gaza)
  • The IDF destroyed 124 (and partially damaged 2050) homes in Gaza and damaged or destroyed 52 places of worship, 25 non-governmental organizations (NGOs), 97 schools, 15 health institutions, 14 journalist premises, 8 police stations, 16 government buildings, and 11 political sites. Fifteen factories and 192 trade shops were damaged or destroyed. Twelve water wells as well as agricultural lands were destroyed.

November 29, 2012 - The Palestinian Authority applied for admission as a United Nations non-member state. Hamas also backed the motion. The draft resolution was passed on November 29, 2012 by a vote of 138 to 9, with 41 abstentions.

References
Wikipedia articles on the topics related to Israeli-Palestinian conflict are the major source for these posts. The articles on Palestine and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict were particularly helpful.

Saturday, June 28, 2014

Sunday Roundup - June 29, 2014

This is the second of four special editions of the Sunday Roundup.  Today we begin a look at the historical roots of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.  This first part covers the period from World War I through the Lausanne Conference of 1949.

For hundreds of years prior to World War I, Palestine was ruled by the Ottoman Empire. The late 19th and early 20th century saw the beginning of Arab nationalist and Zionist (i.e., Jewish nationalist) movements. Both groups were trying to create homelands for their peoples in the region. At the outbreak of WWI, the population of what would later become British-ruled Mandatory Palestine was about 800,000, 92% of whom were Arabs.

World War I - 1915-1918 - Conflicting and Broken Promises

July 1915-January 1916 - McMahon–Hussein Correspondence declared that the Arabs would revolt in alliance with the United Kingdom against the Ottoman Empire. In return the UK would recognize Arab independence in Palestine.

May 1916 - Sykes–Picot Agreement, a secret agreement between the UK and France, defining proposed spheres of influence and control in the Middle East should Ottoman Empire be defeated.

June 1917 to Sep 1918 (Battle of Megiddo) - Arab uprising and British campaign led by General Edmund Allenby, the British Empire's commander of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, drove the Turks out of the Levant, thereby fulfilling the conditions of the McMahon-Hussein correspondence.

November 1917 - the Balfour Declaration, a memorandum from the Paris Peace Conference in which the other Allies implicitly rejected the Sykes–Picot agreement by adopting a system of mandates for the region wrested from the Ottoman Empire. Balfour also stated that the Allies were committed to Zionism and had no intention of honoring their promises to the Arabs.

The Franco-Syrian War and the British Mandate

July, 1920 - Arab Kingdom of Syria is dissolved following the Franco-Syrian War. Palestinian Arab nationalists return from Damascus to Mandatory Palestine to continue the Arab nationalist struggle for a homeland. Amin al-Husseini, an architect of the Palestinian Arab national movement, declared the Jewish national movement an enemy to his cause.

1922 - British were formally awarded the mandate to govern Palestine.

1920, 1929 and 1936 - Palestinian uprisings

The Aftermath of World War II

1947 - In the aftermath of the Holocaust and the end of World War II, Great Britain announces its intention to end the Mandate for Palestine.

Nov 29, 1947 - UN General Assembly approves Resolution 181, which recommends the creation of independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem. The recommendations for partition were rejected by Arab representatives but accepted for the most part by Jewish representatives to the talks. Arab rejection was based to a considerable on the ceding to Israel of 55% of Mandate Palestine when the Jewish population was 32% of the total.  Fighting breaks out between Arab and Jewish militias.

April 9, 1948 - Zionist extremists massacre 107 Palestinian villagers in Deir Yassin. News of the killings sparked terror within the Palestinian community, encouraging them to flee from their towns and villages in the face of Jewish troop advances, and it strengthened the resolve of Arab governments to intervene.

Spring 1948 - Jewish forces continued to advance and take Palestinian territory, creating a large scale refugee problem of Palestinian Arabs (the Palestinian Exodus). Between 700,000 and 750,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were forced to leave their homes. Palestinian villages were destroyed and abandoned Palestinian homes were taken by Jewish immigrants.

May 14, 1948 - Israel declares its independence. The ongoing civil war transformed into an inter-state conflict between Israel and the Arab states, becoming the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

September 17, 1948 - The UN mediator for the conflict, Folke Bernadotte, is assassinated by Zionist extremists. Bernadotte had proposed a two-state solution for the region, with boundaries drawn by the UN if the combatants could not agree, and the refugees' right of return.

December 11, 1948 - UN adopts Resolution 194 on the right of return for Palestinian refugees.

January - July 1949 - Armistice agreements are signed between Israel and Arab countries, ending the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. As a result of the war, the State of Israel retained the area that the UN General Assembly Resolution 181 had recommended for the proposed Jewish state and also took control of almost 60% of the area allocated for the proposed Arab state. No Arab Palestinian state was established.

April-September 1949 - Lausanne Conference. Israel rejects UN resolutions 181 (the original partition of 1947) and 194 (which called for the right of return for Palestinian refugees). Israel stated that its admission to UN membership, after it had set forth Israel's views regarding the Resolutions, meant that the UN considered them satisfactory; a contention the US Government rejected.


The Evolution of Palestine and Israel 1922 - 1949 (maps adapted from Wikipedia)










Mandatory Palestine           Jewish settlements            UN Resolution 181             1949 Actual 
         1922                         shown in blue -1947          proposed a Palestinian        After the war  
                                         Jewish population had       Arab state (green), a            Israel (white)
                                         increased from                 Jewish state (white),             Gaza Strip -
                                         83,790 in 1922 to             and an internationally-          occupied by
                                         608,000 in 1946;              administered Jerusalem        Egypt; West
                                         from 10.3% to 32%          (1948)                                Bank by Jordan


The 1949 armistice lines defining Israel's boundaries held until the Six-Day War in 1967.

The second part of this discussion will be posted July 6 and will cover the period from 1950 to the Camp David 2000 Summit Conference.

References
Wikipedia articles on the topics related to Israeli-Palestinian conflict are the major source for these posts. The articles on Palestine and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict were particularly useful.